Last updated: 11/07/2018 09:35:40

Trial of Otelixizumab for Adults with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (autoimmune): DEFEND-1DEFEND-1

GSK study ID
115495
Clinicaltrials.gov ID
EudraCT ID
EU CT Number
Not applicable
Trial status
Study complete
Study complete
Overview
Eligibility
Locations
Study documents
Results summary
Plain language summaries
Additional information

Trial overview

Official title: Durable-Response Therapy Evaluation For Early or New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes - DEFEND
Trial description: The purpose of this study is to find out if an 8-day series of otelixizumab infusions leads to greater improvement in insulin secretion as compared with placebo infusion. Insulin secretion will be assessed using mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide.
Subjects will be assigned to receive either otelixizumab or placebo at a ratio of 2:1 (2/3 otelixizumab, 1/3 placebo). These study agents will be administered as an addition to insulin, diet, and other physician determined standard of care treatments.
DEFEND-1 is now closed to enrollment.
DEFEND-2 will begin early in 2010. It is very similar to DEFEND-1 and will again require subjects with new onset type 1 diabetes. Please check back here for more details.
In the meantime, established and new onset type 1 diabetes patients in North America are welcome to consider the TTEDD study:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00451321?term=TTEDD&rank=1
Primary purpose:
Treatment
Trial design:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Allocation:
Randomized
Primary outcomes:

Change from Baseline in 2-hour mixed meal stimulated C-peptide Area under curve [AUC] (normalized for 120-minute time interval) at month 12

Timeframe: Baseline (0-120 minutes on Day 1) and Month 12 (0-120 minutes)

Secondary outcomes:

Number of participants who were responders for (glycosylated hemoglobin) HbA1c/Insulin Use Response at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Mean daily insulin use at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

HbA1c level at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Number of hypoglycemic events defined by hypoglycemic event categories from Baseline upto month 12

Timeframe: Upto Month 12

Number of participants with hypoglycemic events defined by hypoglycemic event categories from Baseline upto month 12

Timeframe: Upto Month 12

Number of hypoglycemic excursions (<=70 mg/dL) with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Magnitude of Greatest hypoglycemic excursions with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Number of participants with hypoglycemic excursions with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Number of hyperglycemic excursions with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Magnitude of Greatest hyperglycemic excursions with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Number of participants with hyperglycemic excursions with most complete glucose at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Timeframe: Week 12 and Months 6 and 12

Change from Baseline in average daily risk range (ADRR) at Week 12 and Months 6 and 12.

Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12, Months 6 and 12.

Composite Rank Summary for HbA1c and Exogenous Insulin Use at month 6 and month 12

Timeframe: Month 6 and 12

Composite Rank Summary for C-Peptide AUC, HbA1c and Exogenous Insulin Use at month 6 and month 12

Timeframe: Month 6 and 12

Change from Baseline in level of cytokines Interleukin (IL-6), IL-10 and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) at Day 1, Day 4, Day 8

Timeframe: Day 1, Day 4, Day 8

Percent change from Baseline in circulating peripheral lymphocytes CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T Cells and CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) up to month 12

Timeframe: Baseline (pre-dose on Day 1) and up to 12 Months

Percent change from Baseline in cell-bound otelixizumab on CD4+ T cells at Day 1, Day 4, Day 8

Timeframe: Baseline (pre-dose on Day 1), Day 4 and Day 8

Percent change from Baseline in CD3/TCR saturation on CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells at Day 1, Day 4, Day 8

Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose Day 1), Day 4, Day 8

Percent change from Baseline in CD3/TCR modulation on CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells at Day 1, Day 4, Day 8

Timeframe: Baseline (Pre-dose Day 1), Day 4, Day 8

Interventions:
  • Biological/vaccine: otelixizumab infusion plus physician determined standard of care
  • Biological/vaccine: placebo infusion plus physician determined standard of care
  • Enrollment:
    272
    Primary completion date:
    2012-31-01
    Observational study model:
    Not applicable
    Time perspective:
    Not applicable
    Clinical publications:
    Keymeulen B, Vandemeulebroucke E, Ziegler AG, Mathieu C, Kaufman L, Hale G, Gorus F, Goldman M, Walter M, Candon S, Schandene L, Crenier L, De Block C, Seigneurin JM, De Pauw P, Pierard D, Weets I, Rebello P, Bird P, Berrie E, Frewin M, Waldmann H, Bach JF, Pipeleers D, Chatenoud L. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 23;352(25):2598-608.
    You S, Candon S, Kuhn C, Bach JF, Chatenoud L. CD3 antibodies as unique tools to restore self-tolerance in established autoimmunity their mode of action and clinical application in type 1 diabetes. Adv Immunol. 2008;100:13-37. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)00802-X. Review.
    Ronnie Aronson, Peter A. Gottlieb, Jens S. Christiansen, Thomas W. Donner, Emanuele Bosi, Bruce W. Bode, and Paolo Pozzilli, for the DEFEND Investigator Group.Low-Dose Otelixizumab Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody DEFEND-1 Study: Results of the Randomized Phase III Study in Recent-Onset Human Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes Care.2014;37(10):2746-54
    Medical condition
    Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
    Product
    otelixizumab
    Collaborators
    Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)
    Study date(s)
    July 2008 to Invalid Date
    Type
    Interventional
    Phase
    3

    Participation criteria

    Sex
    Female & Male
    Age
    12 - 45 years
    Accepts healthy volunteers
    No
    • _Ages 12-45
    • _Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, consistent with ADA criteria
    • _Other, significant medical conditions based on the study doctor's evaluation

    Trial location(s)

    Location
    Status
    Contact us
    Contact us
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27713
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Boca Raton, Florida, United States, 33486
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Santa Ana, California, United States, 92705
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Sant Joan, Spain, ´03550
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43205
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2H 2G4
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Dallas, Texas, United States, 75231
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Smiths Falls, Ontario, Canada, K7A 4W8
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Costa Mesa, California, United States, 92626
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37212
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Orlando, Florida, United States, 32835
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Roma, Lazio, Italy, 00157
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Latina, Lazio, Italy, 04100
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Orlando, Florida, United States, 32803
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Tacoma, Washington, United States, 98405
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    KARLSTAD, Sweden, SE-651 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    New York, New York, United States, 10032
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Miami, Florida, United States, 33169
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 12200
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30342
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Gulfport, Mississippi, United States, 39501
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    HARNOSAND, Sweden, 871 82
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Milano, Italy, 20132
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Topeka, Kansas, United States, 66606
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    MOTALA, Sweden, SE-591 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Walnut Creek, California, United States, 94598
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Trinity, Florida, United States, 34655
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Roma, Lazio, Italy, 00161
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Rapid City, South Dakota, United States, 57701
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Mineola, New York, United States, 11501
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States, 83404-7542
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Palermo, Sicilia, Italy, 90127
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Roma, Lazio, Italy, 00168
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74136-8303
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20037
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30309
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Madrid, Spain, 28040
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    KRISTIANSTAD, Sweden, 291 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46260
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Turku, Finland, 20520
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Monserrato, Sardegna, Italy, 09042
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64106
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Orange, California, United States, 92868
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Ogden, Utah, United States, 84403
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Portland, Oregon, United States, 97210
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Bristol, United Kingdom, BS2 8HW
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Langhorne, Pennsylvania, United States, 19047
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19140
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Torrance, California, United States, 90502
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Barcelona, Spain, 8035
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Bad Lauterberg, Niedersachsen, Germany, 37431
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65212
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Boise, Idaho, United States, 83702
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany, 61231
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    UMEÃ…, Sweden, SE-901 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655-0002
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    TAMPERE, Finland, 33520
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden, SE-171 76
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Riverside, California, United States, 92506
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96813
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Hull, United Kingdom, HU3 2RW
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    HALMSTAD, Sweden, SE-301 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Tarrasa, Barcelona, Spain, 08221
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Winter Park, Florida, United States, 32789
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Buffalo, New York, United States, 14209
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, 69120
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Hurst, Texas, United States, 76054
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Pointe-Claire, Québec, Canada, H9R 3J1
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States, 33024
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Arhus C, Denmark, 8000
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Roma, Italy, 00128
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Dayton, Ohio, United States, 45415-2560
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49048
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425-6240
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Eugene, Oregon, United States, 97401
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Mentor, Ohio, United States, 44060
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Gerona, Spain
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    VÄXJÖ, Sweden, SE-351 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68131
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Neptune, New Jersey, United States, 07753
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    GÖTEBORG, Sweden, SE-413 45
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Blackburn, United Kingdom, BB2 3HH
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Oakville, Ontario, Canada, L6H 3P1
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4G 3E8
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    KARLSKRONA, Sweden, SE- 371 85
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38119
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Montreal, Québec, Canada, H2W 1T8
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Schertz, Texas, United States, 782154
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom, BA1 3NG
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, 37403
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    London, London, United Kingdom, SE1 9RT
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn
    Location
    GSK Investigational Site
    Baltimore, Kansas, United States, 21287
    Status
    Terminated/Withdrawn

    Study documents

    Clinical study report
    Available language(s): English
    Scientific result summary
    Available language(s): English

    If you wish to request for full study report, please contact - [email protected]

    Results overview

    Results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov

    Recruitment status
    Study complete
    Actual primary completion date
    2012-31-01
    Actual study completion date
    Not applicable

    Plain language summaries

    Plain language summaries of clinical trial results for Phase 2-4 clinical trials that were initiated on or after January 2022 will be posted by GSK within one year following study completion.

    Additional information about the trial

    Participate in clinical trial
    Additional information
    Website containing information on DEFEND study
    Click here
    Access to clinical trial data by researchers
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