A study assessing the safety, efficacy, and impact of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' RTS, S/AS01E malaria vaccine in young children across sub-Saharan AfricaEPI-MAL-003

Inclusion Criteria All study participants must satisfy ALL the following criteria at study entry:

• Study participants’ parent(s)/ LAR(s) who, in the opinion of the investigator, can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol.
• Written informed consent provided from either the parent(s) or LAR of the study participant.
• Study participant living in the HDSS or equivalent surveillance system area.
• For enrolment in the active surveillance – DTP group: children must be aged less than (<) 18 months, identified at any administration of DTP/HepB/Hib (or at hospitalisation before 3rd dose of DTP/HepB/Hib in case of hospitalisation and vaccinated with at least one dose of DTP/HepB/Hib). (This group will include children from exposed and unexposed clusters.) OR For enrolment in the active surveillance – Catch-up group: children must be aged <18 months, received at least one dose of DTP/HepB/Hib vaccine, whose age corresponds to the age after the 3rd dose of DTP/HepB/Hib vaccine, (=who either received all DTP/HepB/Hib doses before study start or received at least one dose of DTP/HepB/Hib and are older than the age corresponding to the 3rd DTP/HepB/Hib dose at study start) and identified at 1st RTS,S/AS01E dose administration (This group will include children from exposed clusters only). OR For enrolment in the enhanced hospitalisation surveillance: children must be aged at least 6 weeks and <5 years at the time of hospitalisation at any time during the study. (This group will include children from exposed and unexposed clusters.) Parents/LARs of children meeting all eligibility criteria for active surveillance, not having completed the visits for DTP/HepB/Hib, and first identified during hospitalisation, must first be proposed enrolment in active surveillance (if recruitment is not completed). Children already enrolled in active surveillance will have hospitalization monitored as part of the procedures related to the active surveillance and can therefore not be enrolled in enhanced hospitalization surveillance. Exclusion Criteria:
• Child in care = A child who has been placed under the control or protection of an agency, organization, institution or entity by the courts, the government, or a government body, acting in accordance with powers conferred on them by law or regulation. The definition of a child in care can include a child cared for by foster parents or living in a care home or institution, provided that the arrangement falls within the definition above. The definition of a child in care does not include a child who is adopted or has an appointed legal guardian.